After Columbine, between 1997 and 2007, police officers in schools, aka “school resource officers” jumped by 38 percent, according to the Department of Justice.

After Sandy Hook, even more school campus police were deployed via President Obama’s “plan to reduce gun violence.”

But today, Phoenix nonprofits Puente and MEChA are holding a rally to protest adding any more officers in schools after Parkland, saying the practice criminalizes youth of color.

For more on this, we’re joined now by Thomas Mowen of Bowling Green State University, a sociologist trained in criminology who studies effects of punishment and policing on youth.